A welder is a device that generates heat to fuse metal pieces together, forming a permanent structural joint. Welding is one of the most valuable skills and equipment investments for a homestead, enabling the fabrication and repair of gates, trailers, implements, fencing, tooling, and structural components.
MIG welders (Gas Metal Arc Welding) are the most common type for homestead use. They feed a continuous wire electrode through a welding gun and shield the weld with inert gas or flux. MIG welding is the easiest process to learn, produces clean welds on steel and stainless steel, and handles material thicknesses from 24-gauge sheet to 10 millimeter plate.
Stick welders (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) use consumable electrodes coated in flux. They are less expensive than MIG welders and work on dirty, rusty, or painted metal. Stick welding is preferred for outdoor use because the flux coating shields the weld area without requiring bottled gas.
TIG welders (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) use a non-consumable tungsten electrode and produce the highest quality welds. TIG welding is slower than MIG or stick and requires greater skill. It is used for thin materials, aluminum, stainless steel, and work requiring visual appeal.
Welder power consumption is significant. A 120-volt MIG welder handles material up to 5 millimeters thick. Most homestead welding requires a 240-volt circuit for adequate penetration on materials over 5 millimeters. Engine-driven welders are used for mobile welding without grid power.
Welding produces intense ultraviolet radiation that causes arc eye and skin burns. A welding helmet with an appropriate shade lens, flame-resistant clothing, gloves, and proper ventilation are required for safe operation.