A hatchet is a small, one-handed chopping tool with a short handle and a sharp blade. It is distinguished from a full-size axe by its compact size and lighter weight, designed for one-handed operation.
The hatchet has a short handle, a modest head weight, and a single sharpened edge.
Key specifications:
The hatchet head has a blade on one side and a poll (flat striking face) on the other. The short handle allows precise control and use in confined spaces where a full-length axe would be impractical.
The half-hatchet (also called a carpenter's hatchet) is designed with a flat poll for striking chisels or nail sets. The blade is sharpened for trimming and notching. The flat face of the poll is hardened for striking steel tools.
Carpenter's hatchets are used in framing, timber framing, and general construction for rough shaping of lumber and driving small nails.
Throwing hatchets are purpose-built or modified hatchets designed for recreational axe throwing. They typically have a symmetrical head profile and a handle length optimized for balanced flight.
Hatchet edges are sharpened with a bevel angle of approximately 25–30 degrees. The bevel should extend a short distance up the blade (not allowing the entire blade face to be ground thin). A hatchet used for splitting kindling benefits from a slightly blunter edge (30–35 degrees) for durability; one used for carving and trimming benefits from a keener edge (20–25 degrees).
Hickory is the traditional handle material, selected for its shock absorption and toughness. Fiberglass handles with rubber grips are common on modern hatchets, offering weather resistance. The handle should be comfortable in one hand and provide a secure grip.
A hatchet should be stored with a blade sheath or edge guard to protect the edge and prevent injury. Leather sheaths are traditional; modern versions use Kydex or heavy nylon.
Hatchets are sharpened with a mill file or sharpening stone, maintaining the original bevel angle. The edge should be checked for nicks and rolled edges before each use.
The hatchet is a one-handed tool; it should never be swung with both hands. The user should ensure a clear swing path free of obstructions and bystanders. The head should be checked regularly for looseness on the handle. Never strike the hatchet's poll with a hammer to drive it through wood — this can split the handle.