Biosecurity refers to the practices and protocols designed to prevent the introduction and spread of disease-causing organisms in livestock populations. A biosecurity plan addresses the movement of animals, people, vehicles, and equipment onto and within the farm. Effective biosecurity reduces the need for antibiotics and veterinary interventions, improves animal welfare, and protects herd health.
New animals are isolated from the main herd for a minimum of 30 days, and ideally 60 days, in separate facilities that are at least 30 meters (100 feet) from existing livestock. During quarantine, animals are observed for signs of illness and tested for relevant diseases. Fecal samples are collected for Parasite Management egg counts, and the animal is dewormed if necessary. Body temperature is taken daily for the first week. At the end of quarantine, the animal is vaccinated according to the farm's schedule before introduction to the main group.
A perimeter fence or boundary defines the biosecure area with a single controlled access point. A wheel bath or spray station disinfects vehicle tires entering the property. A footbath with disinfectant solution is placed at the entrance to each barn or animal area. Boots should be disinfected before and after handling animals, particularly between groups of different species or age classes. Visitors who have been around other livestock within the previous 48 hours should not have direct contact with animals.
Feeders, waterers, and housing are cleaned on a regular schedule. Between groups of animals, pens are stripped of bedding, cleaned with hot water and detergent, disinfected, and allowed to dry for a minimum of 7 days before new animals arrive. Manure is removed regularly and composted or spread on fields not used for grazing. Rodent and bird control reduces the risk of disease transmission, as wild animals can carry pathogens including Salmonella, Leptospira, and avian influenza.