The apple (Malus domestica) is a deciduous tree fruit in the Rosaceae family, originating in Central Asia. Thousands of cultivars exist, ranging from early-season to late-season varieties. Most apple varieties require a compatible pollinator variety planted within 30 meters.
Apples require full sun and well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. The tree is hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8, depending on the rootstock and variety. Standard trees reach 6 to 9 meters and are spaced 6 to 9 meters apart. Dwarf trees on M.9 rootstock reach 2.5 to 3.5 meters and are spaced 2.5 to 3.5 meters apart. Apple trees require 500 to 1,000 chill hours below 7 degrees Celsius (45 degrees Fahrenheit) during dormancy, depending on the variety.
Apples are eaten fresh, used in pies, sauces, cider, and juice, and stored for winter use.