The Berkshire is a heritage pig breed originating from England. The breed is known for its exceptional pork quality, with heavy marbling that produces dark, flavorful meat. Berkshire pork is considered one of the finest pork breeds and is marketed as premium "Kurobuta" pork in Japan.
The Berkshire breed was developed in Berkshire, England, over several centuries. The breed was imported to the United States in the early 19th century. The American Berkshire Association, founded in 1875, is the oldest swine breed registry in the United States. Berkshire pigs were prized for their meat quality and hardiness before the shift toward commercial white breeds.
Berkshires are medium-sized, black pigs with six white points: four white feet, a white blaze on the face, and a white tip on the tail. Mature sows weigh 250 to 300 kilograms and boars weigh 300 to 350 kilograms. The breed has a dished face, erect ears, and a medium-length snout. Berkshires are known for their calm temperament, good mothering ability, and excellent meat quality with a pH level that darkens the meat and improves flavor.
Pork production is the primary purpose of Berkshire pigs. The marbling and flavor of Berkshire pork command premium prices in direct-to-consumer markets. Berkshires are suitable for both pasture and confinement systems.